As of 2019, Kuwait is a net exporter of goods, however, without oil, its surplus of KD 9.3bn drops to KD -8.5bn, making it a net importer. Kuwait’s trade profile is relatively simple, as crude petroleum and its related products make up almost the entirety of exports, which in turn affect total trade, irrespective of minor fluctuations in imported goods. This research structures the data on trade in Kuwait and takes a closer look at its evolution between 2010 and 2019. It begins with an overview of the trade balance, then focusing on imports and exports, and analysing China’s trade relationship with Kuwait. The evidence reveals the vulnerability of trade to fluctuations in one good, petroleum and its by-products, as well as the strengthening trade flows between the Gulf state and China. The findings have implications for trade policy and, more importantly, for diversification efforts.